Each raw scattering data set was corrected for the detector efficiencies, sample transmission, and background scattering and converted to scattering intensity I(q) versus the scattering vector q = 4πn sin (θ/2)/λ, where λ and θ represented the wavelength of the neutron beam and scattering angle, respectively. Samples were prepared in deuterated water, providing the necessary contrast, and were contained in 2 mm path length Hellma quartz cells. A simultaneous Q-range of 0.004–1 Å −1 was achieved utilizing an incident wavelength range of 1.75−16.5- Å in time of flight mode and employing an instrument set up of L1 = L2 = 4 m and two detectors to measure small and wide angles, with the front detector at 2.4 m from the sample. Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measurements were carried out on the Sans2d beamline at the ISIS Pulsed Neutron Source (STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK). Furthermore, favorable biocompatibility for healthy human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and tumor HS578T cells has been assessed, and a different biological behavior was observed, ascribed to different surface charge and morphology of synthesized nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) reveals a different supramolecular organization of both components, leading to amazing organic-inorganic nanoparticles with different behavior in drug encapsulation and release. The effect of synthesis parameters on particles compositions was deeply investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). In this study, hybrid heparin/silica nanoparticles were synthesized, and the role of silica as a templating agent for heparin supramolecular organization was investigated. In fact, the combination of different material types leads to challenges that cannot be achieved by each single component. Combining different components at the molecular scale offers an extraordinary chance to easily tune the structural organization of heparin required for exploring new potential applications. Heparin plays multiple biological roles depending on the availability of active sites strongly influenced by the conformation and the structure of polysaccharide chains.
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